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Who is Parashvanath? The Life and Legacy of Jainism’s 23rd Tirthankara

By Lakshay Sharma | On 22 November, 2025 | Views

Faith and spirituality are cornerstones of Indian tradition, and Jainism stands as one of the most profound philosophies of peace, self-discipline, and compassion. Among the revered Tirthankaras, Lord Parashvanath holds a unique place as the 23rd Tirthankara, renowned for his compassion and teachings of non-violence. At Harishyam Arts, we celebrate his legacy through our handcrafted statues that represent the divine calmness and truth associated with his spiritual journey.

Birth and Early Life of Lord Parashvanath

Lord Parashvanath was born around the 9th century BCE in the holy city of Varanasi, also known as Kashi. His father, King Ashvasena, was a strong and just ruler of the Ikshvaku dynasty, while his mother, Queen Vama Devi, was known for her piety and kindness.

From childhood, Parashvanath displayed a gentle heart filled with compassion for all living beings. He was intelligent, calm, and had a deep inclination toward spirituality. Legends say he once rescued a serpent that was trapped in a burning log during a yajna, symbolizing his lifelong connection with the serpent that later appeared in his icons.

Even as a prince, Parashvanath showed no attachment to royal luxuries. His natural inclination toward meditation and truth led him to question the meaning of life and the cause of human suffering.

Renunciation and Spiritual Quest

At the age of 30, Prince Parashvanath renounced worldly pleasures and adopted the life of an ascetic. He gave up his royal attire, wealth, and family comfort to walk the path of self-realization.

With immense focus and discipline, he practiced deep meditation and strict penance. After years of spiritual practice, he attained Kevala Jnana, or supreme knowledge. Through this enlightenment, he realized the eternal truths of karma, soul purification, and liberation from the cycle of birth and death.

He spent the rest of his life preaching these truths to the people, guiding them toward a path of compassion, truth, and detachment from material desires.

Core Teachings and Philosophy

Lord Parashvanath’s teachings were based on four main vows known as the Chatur-Yama Dharma. These are considered the spiritual foundation of Jain ethics:

Ahimsa (Non-violence): One should avoid harming any living being through thought, word, or action.
Satya (Truthfulness): Speak truth that does not hurt others.
Asteya (Non-stealing): Refrain from taking anything that is not willingly given.
Aparigraha (Non-possession): Live a life of detachment and simplicity.

These four vows later evolved into the five great vows (Mahavratas) taught by Lord Mahavira, who succeeded Parashvanath as the 24th Tirthankara. Through his teachings, Parashvanath emphasized purity of the soul, compassion to all beings, and liberation through right conduct and meditation.

Symbolism and Iconography of Lord Parashvanath

Parashvanath’s image is one of the most distinct among all Tirthankaras. He is typically depicted in a meditative posture beneath a canopy formed by a serpent with multiple hoods. This serpent, named Dharanendra, is believed to have protected Parashvanath during his meditation from a storm caused by a demon named Kamatha.

The serpent symbolizes divine guardianship, protection, and spiritual awakening. The calm expression on the idol’s face represents inner peace and enlightenment.

At Harishyam Arts, our artisans bring this divine serenity to life through handcrafted Parashvanath idols. Whether carved in marble, cast in brass, or sculpted in wood, each piece reflects both spiritual devotion and artistic mastery. We pay attention to every detail—from the gentle curves of the face to the fine depiction of the serpent—capturing the divine tranquility that Lord Parashvanath embodies.

Parashvanath’s Legacy and Relevance Today

Lord Parashvanath continues to inspire millions of Jain followers and spiritual seekers even today. His message of compassion and non-violence resonates deeply in a world seeking peace and moral clarity. His teachings bridge the gap between material success and spiritual growth, reminding people to live ethically and consciously.

Numerous temples dedicated to Lord Parashvanath can be found across India, including in Varanasi, Mount Sammeta Shikhar, Shravanabelagola, and Khajuraho. Each temple stands as a symbol of faith, serenity, and timeless devotion.

Owning or worshipping a Parashvanath idol at home or temple space is not just a religious act—it is a daily reminder of moral discipline, compassion, and mindfulness. At Harishyam Arts, we take pride in crafting Jain Tirthankara idols that inspire devotion and elevate the spiritual aura of any space.

Parashvanath’s Path to Moksha

After spreading the message of truth and compassion for many years, Lord Parashvanath attained Nirvana (liberation) at Mount Sammeta Shikhar, one of the holiest pilgrimage sites for Jains. It is believed that twenty of the twenty-four Tirthankaras attained Moksha at this sacred mountain.

His soul, freed from all karmic bonds, merged into the state of infinite bliss and knowledge. This final liberation symbolizes the ultimate goal of every spiritual seeker—freedom from the cycle of birth and death and unity with pure consciousness.

The Artistic and Spiritual Essence at Harishyam Arts

At Harishyam Arts, we believe that devotional art connects the physical and the spiritual. Each Parashvanath statue we create is more than just sculpture—it is a sacred representation of peace, compassion, and truth.

Our skilled artisans combine traditional techniques with modern craftsmanship to ensure that every piece tells the story of divine perfection. Whether placed in homes, temples, or meditation spaces, these idols radiate positive energy and reverence.

For collectors and devotees alike, owning a handcrafted Parashvanath statue from Harishyam Arts is an opportunity to connect with an ancient spiritual legacy that continues to illuminate hearts across generations.

Frequently Asked Questions (FAQs)

Q1. Who was Lord Parashvanath in Jainism?

Ans: Lord Parashvanath was the 23rd Tirthankara in Jainism who lived around the 9th century BCE. He taught the path of truth, non-violence, and renunciation.

Q2. What are the main teachings of Parashvanath?

Ans: His teachings centered around four vows: non-violence, truthfulness, non-stealing, and non-possessiveness. These principles guide Jains in their moral and spiritual lives.

Q3. Why is Parashvanath shown with a serpent canopy?

Ans: The multi-hooded serpent symbolizes protection and enlightenment. It also refers to the story where the serpent Dharanendra shielded him during his meditation.

Q4. Where did Lord Parashvanath attain Moksha?

Ans: He attained Nirvana at Mount Sammeta Shikhar in Jharkhand, one of the holiest Jain pilgrimage sites.

Q5. Can we keep a Parashvanath idol at home?

Ans: Yes. Keeping a Parashvanath idol at home promotes peace, compassion, and spiritual harmony. It serves as a reminder of ethical living and mindfulness.

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Lakshay Sharma

I’m Lakshay Sharma, a writer with a deep passion for Hindu mythology, Vastu Shastra, and home interiors. I enjoy exploring the rich traditions of Hindu gods and goddesses, sharing insights into Vastu principles, and offering guidance on creating sacred spaces like Puja Mandirs. Through my writing, I aim to inspire harmony and spiritual well-being, blending traditional knowledge with modern perspectives.

Harishyam Arts | Jaipur

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